Recovering from an Eating Disorder When You Live in a Larger Body

Recovering from an Eating Disorder When You Live in a Larger Body Eating Disorders Treatment Print Recovering from an Eating Disorder When You Live in a Larger Body By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Updated on November 18, 2019 More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Eating Disorders in Larger Bodies Challenges Accessing Treatment Mixed Messages in Treatment After Recovery What You Can Do View All Back To Top When you think of someone with an eating disorder you may picture someone who is thinâ€"perhaps emaciated. The media perpetuates this image by painting this singular portrait of people with eating disorders.  We know this is untrue:  eating disorders affect people of all body sizes, genders, and ethnicities. Eating Disorders in Larger Bodies Just as common is the flip side of that misconception:  the majority of people in larger bodies must by definition be big because they eat too much and hence are binge eaters. Again, this is untrue: bodies naturally come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and you cannot tell whether a person has an eating disorderâ€"or what eating disorder they haveâ€"by their body size. Dieting and repeated cycles of weight loss may, over time, increase a person’s weight.  Binge eatingâ€"which is almost always a response to undereating or a dieting mindsetâ€"can do this too.   There are fat people with anorexia and thin people with anorexia, just as there are fat people with binge eating disorder and thin people with binge eating disorder, and fat and thin people with no eating disorders at all. Everyone’s body responds differently to dietary restriction; some people will lose weight as a result of restriction while others who have a body that actively defends its set point weight may maintain or even gain weight. Patients who meet all criteria for anorexia nervosa except for the low weight criterion are said to have “atypical anorexia”. They may still be labeled as “obese” despite severe caloric restriction. They may be in any size body, as may patients with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive intake disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder. Challenges Accessing Treatment Recovering from an eating disorder in a world dominated by diet culture is hard enough. It is even harder if you are in a larger body or gain weight and develop a larger body as part of recovery, and must deal with the impact of weight stigma. People in larger bodies with eating disorders often meet delays in diagnosis and treatment due to providers’ weight biases and structural issues. Insurance guidelines often require a low body weight in order to cover treatment costs at higher levels of care. As a result, they may not be able to access any eating disorder treatment at all. Patients Are Not Believed People in larger bodies with eating disorders are often met with incredulity by family members and even providers who do not believe they have a problem or that the problem is serious. Whats worse, they may be congratulated when they lose weight due to symptoms of their illness. Professionals may even question whether they are telling the truth when they describe restrictive eating patterns. They are often assumed to be dishonest and eating more than they are reporting. These structural issues can further reinforce patients’ own inability to recognize they have a problem. A common symptom of many eating disorders is a lack of awareness that one is ill. People in larger bodies who have very significant eating disorders can easily convince themselves that because their body does not fit the stereotype of a person with an eating disorder, they do not have a problem.   The reinforcement of their eating disorder behaviors by the praise from friends, family, and medical professionals can deepen this denial. How can they be expected to acknowledge their eating disorder is a problem when everyone around them is encouraging their behaviors? An Overview of Eating Disorder Treatments Mixed Messages in Treatment Making Recovery Harder Patients in larger bodies with eating disorders often receive mixed messages that can ultimately make it harder to recover. They may be encouraged to restrict their eating in ways that contradict behaviors required for recovery. Erin Harrop, a researcher recovered from an eating disorder writes: “Prior to admission, I had lost 20% to 25% of my body weight through food restriction, over exercising, and frequent purging behaviors. When I entered inpatient treatment, instead of being put on a weight-restoration or weight-stabilization meal plan, I was put on a restricted caloric meal plan that mimicked my disorder. I vividly remember eating a dinner of two chicken nuggets, half a corn muffin, and half a plate of steamed vegetables, while my thinner peers were expected to eat plates heaped high with calorie-dense foods. Being given such drastically different meals from my peers caused multiple harms: (a) it affirmed my disordered beliefs that my body was somehow ‘different’ or ‘broken,’ incapable of ‘handling’â€"or needingâ€"food, (b) it affirmed my peers’ disordered beliefs that larger or fatter bodies should be starved or restricted, (c) it visibly separated me from my peers with similar diagnoses and behaviors, solely based on my physical appearance, and (d) m y body continued in a state of caloric deprivation for two additional months during the inpatient process, which necessitated refeeding on an outpatient basis.“ Shira Rosenbluth has similarly described how she was instructed to order a “kiddie” cup of ice cream while her thinner peers in treatment were instructed to order two scoops. The message to her was that her body was too large for her to eat regularly and that she needed to continue to restrict her eating to manage her body size. She also has noted that she was praised by a doctor for not eating during one of her inpatient treatment stays. Erin Harrop further describes her experience: “Today I understand this experience through a lens of weight bias; [my provider] was not able to see past my body size to the psychological and behavioral issues at hand. To her I did not look anorexic, and so I couldn’t possibly be anorexic.” “The degree to which my food marked me as ‘different’ and ‘problematic’ was obvious, dehumanizing, and confusing in a milieu espousing to destigmatize food and fat.” “Every meal was a visible, obvious reminder that my body was too fat and unacceptableâ€"even to professionals trained in eating disorder treatment, body image, and ‘intuitive eating.’ This reinforced for me the faulty, disordered belief that my body could not “handle’ normal foods such as grilled cheese sandwiches or French toast and it harmed the therapeutic milieu in that it reinforced for my thinner peers that, if their bodies ever gained weight or (God forbid!) looked like mine, then they would not be able to handle foods such as a piece of cheese or slice of avocado, either.” “[Treatment rules she had to follow when she was thinner] helped to heal my body and mind by decreasing my engagement in disordered eating practices and sending a clear, consistent message that my body needed, and was worthy of, food. However, during inpatient care in a larger body, these important recovery messages were blurred, inconsistent, and at times blatantly negated.” After Recovery Once recovered, people in larger bodies may feel shame about their body size or that they’ve failed to recover appropriately as the typical image shown of someone recovered is a person who is slender but not too thin. The lack of support for recovery as a larger person may leave them vulnerable to pressures to diet and relapse. What You Can Do If you are in a larger body and have an eating disorder, please keep in mind that there is nothing wrong with your body. You are every bit as worthy of treatment for your eating disorder as anyone else. We live in an incredibly fat phobic society, and this will mean additional challenges for your recovery. In the words of eating disorder specialist psychologist, Rachel Millner, “It’s okay to get fat, be fat, stay fat in eating disorder recovery. Being fat doesn’t make your recovery less valid, it doesn’t mean you’re doing it wrong.” Be prepared to advocate for your needs. Search for providers who espouse a Health at Every Size ® approach. This approach acknowledges that bodies naturally come in all sizes and focuses on behaviors versus weight outcomes. But don’t stop there. Interview them to make sure they do not encourage restriction ever for people in larger bodies. Do not fall for someone who promises to help you shrink your body by, as eloquently described by Deb Burgard, Ph.D., prescribing the same behaviors that would be symptoms of an eating disorder in a thinner person. Make sure you find providers who will listen to your symptoms and not base a diagnosis on your appearance. Be prepared to fight with your insurance for coverage based on your symptoms and not your body size. Even within treatment settings be prepared to assert your need to being given adequate amounts of food. Food restriction should play no part in recovery from an eating disorder of any type or in any size person. Adequately nourishing your body is a requirement of recovery. Being given permission to eat without condition will allow for a full recovery. Be prepared to discuss your body image concerns and learn about weight-based oppression. It can be very helpful to seek out communities that address fat activism and body positivity.   Can Anorexia Nervosa Affect People of Higher Weights?

The Armed Forces - 1525 Words

I am against the inclusion of women in the armed forces based on the utilitarian concepts of the happiness of society as a whole, and the effectiveness of the armed services. I also draw conclusions from the Aristotelian principles of justice and women’s ability to be worthy of being soldiers Since the repeal of â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† in 2011, there has been a quiet uproar over the idea of female combat forces in our military. There are strong arguments from either side of the aisle; The maintaining of historical values in the military, or the modernization of our armed forces. Most are political or social arguments, pathos rhetoric in a logos dispute. Taking a philosophical perspective on the case of women in the military would entail looking at the problem from two sides: the effect it would have on society and the effect it has on the Armed Forces. To argue it from either side will require the ascertaining of concepts based on great thinkers such Bentham, Nozick, and Aristotle. The defense of women in the military comes from the libertarian perspective that people have a natural right to take part in any activity that they want to and have the ability to. Arguments for being able to enlist in the active combat services of the military could be drawn parallel to the arguments against the draft and forced enlistment. The draft forced members of the American public to participate in a war they often did not believe in. This was a breach of the American people’s rights toShow MoreRelatedModern And Capable Armed Forces933 Words   |  4 PagesMaintaining modern and capable armed forces is not an easy task. One of the most important tasks for a country, state and society is to defend itself against attackers and other threats. 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African Slave Trade in American History - 1725 Words

â€Å"African Slave Trade in American History† Slavery has taken place throughout the world since before ancient times, and the act of trading slaves was a common act throughout the world for centuries. Slavery previously existed in certain parts of Africa, Europe, Asia, and also in America before the beginning of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. What initially started out as an enormous search for trade in gold, spices, and etc., ended up turning into an callous human trading system of exporting African slaves, which would continue for well over 400 years. In the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs removed slaves from the West, Central and Southeast Africa overseas during the African slave trade era. The European establishment of Africa†¦show more content†¦In most cases the original people that were chosen for labor had proved that they were unreliable and most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe. The Europeans were unequipped to become acclimated to the different climates in which they suffered very major tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were outstanding workers: â€Å"they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be worked very hard on plantations or in mines.† The Portuguese proceeded to the kidnapping of men, woman, and children from many African tribes from the west coast of Africa and to take those that were captured to Europe and various other countries. By the seventeenth century the Trans-Atlantic slave trade was in full operation, reaching its peak towards the end of the nineteenth century. â€Å"More than 15 million Africans were forced to leave Africa to cross the Atlantic to be sold into slavery. 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A building management system †(BMS) Free Essays

THE CHALLENGE The university wanted to implement a cohesive edifice direction scheme, and derive greater control of a big figure of bequest systems on the campus, including warming, air-conditioning and airing ( HVAC ) , entree control, and fire dismay systems. They besides wanted to supervise and pull off H2O and energy ingestion. Many of the edifice systems did non associate back to estates for cardinal control. We will write a custom essay sample on A building management system – (BMS) or any similar topic only for you Order Now This made it hard to supervise, manage and command the systems, and hence present a consistent degree of service to staff and pupils. Remote entree to the control systems was merely as of import. The university wanted to be able to put clip agendas, alteration edifice temperature set points, see dismaies on failures, and look into issues remotely without holding to physically direct an applied scientist to site. What is a Building Management System and how does it work? The BMS is a â€Å" base entirely † computing machine system that can cipher the pre-set demands of the edifice and command the affiliated works to run into those demands. Its inputs, such as temperature detectors and end products, such as on/off signals are connected into outposts around the edifice. Programs within these outposts use this information to make up one’s mind the necessary degree of applied control. The outposts are linked together and information can be passed from one to another. In add-on a modem is besides connected to the system to let distant entree. The degree of control via the BMS is dependent upon the information received from its detectors and the manner in which its programmes tell it to react to that information. Equally good as offering a precise grade of control to its environment, it can be made to dismay on conditions that ca n’t run into specification or warn of single points of works failure. Occupancy times for different countri es are programmed into the Building Management System such that the works is brought on and off to run into the occupier demands. These times are frequently under optimal start control. This means that the warming works is enabled, at a varying preset clip, to guarantee that the het infinite is at the set desired temperature for the start of the twenty-four hours. The Building Management System hence, based on the outside air temperature the infinite temperature and the edifice construction, determines the works start clip. Why do we necessitate a Building Management System? All Buildings have some signifier of mechanical and electrical services in order to supply the installations necessary for keeping a comfy on the job environment. These services have to be controlled by some agencies to guarantee, for illustration, that there is equal hot H2O for sinks, that the hot H2O in the radiators is sufficient to maintain an occupied infinite warm, that heating with airing and perchance chilling is provided to guarantee comfort conditions wherever, irrespective of the figure of residents or single penchants. Basic controls take the signifier of manual shift, clip redstem storksbills or temperature switches that provide the on and off signals for enabling pumps, fans or valves etc. The intent of a Building Management System ( BMS ) is to automatize and take control of these operations in the most efficient manner possible for the occupiers/business, within the restraints of the installed works. In add-on to its control maps, a BEMS typically proctors and record s a wealth of information associating to conditions within a edifice and the operation of the HVAC and other services. Increasingly its responsibilities besides include the logging of energy-meter readings, a tendency that is likely to go on as demand for sub-metering grows. On most systems, informations and scenes are accessed through PC-based graphical user interfaces ( supervisors ) . In their modern signifier these powerful devices allow the user to rapidly voyage to the information they want to see and see it in a signifier that is easy to understand. When the supervisor is enabled to work as a web waiter, its shows can be viewed from any Personal computer on an organisation ‘s IT web – or via the Internet – a standard web browser being all that is needed. Importantly, the informations and scenes available to a user can be precisely tailored to that individual ‘s demands. When A BMS supervisor is enabled to work as a web waiter, its shows can be viewed from any Personal computer utilizing merely a standard web browser. Andover Controls has supplied edifice control solutions to the University of Derby for over 10 old ages. Over the last five old ages, all of the university ‘s Andover systems have been upgraded to Infinity- enabling the Estates Department staff to supervise and command the environmental and security demands of the campuses from a figure of Personal computer based workstations. Installed within each of the chief installations, the cardinal instruction installation, larning resource Centre, cardinal catering installation and undergraduate and postgraduate adjustment edifices. Some of the steps which are critical to the edifices ‘ environmentally sustainable design and which are controlled by the Infinity system include: Assorted manner extremist L A ; ouml ; w-pressure airing. Use of the edifice construction to supply airflow canals ( floor nothingnesss, corridors and stairwaies ) and air annealing ( aggregate concrete construction ) . Thermal wheels to supply the most efficient heat exchange and therefore retain heat and cool air within the edifices. Shade Louvres, leaning blinds and sunshades to cut down solar addition yet increase natural daytime. Improved natural visible radiation degrees to cut down the demand for artifical lighting. The usage Low energy visible radiations, activated by people presence ( PIR ) Ninety per cent of concerns believe there would be a better consumption of edifice direction systems ( BMS ) if the engineering was more user-friendly and cost effectual, harmonizing to a study carried out by TAC Satchwell. The research showed that cost is turn outing a major barrier to many smaller concerns and administrations taking on constructing control engineering, while the engineering itself is perceived to be excessively specialized and unaccessible. TAC Satchwell ‘s study besides revealed that 20 per cent of concerns believed at that place was non adequate buy-in for edifice controls at a council chamber degree. Simon Ward from TAC Satchwell, said that this could alter following the publication of the Government-commissioned Stern Report, which claims that planetary heating could be the universe economic system $ 9trillion over the following 25 old ages. Ward believes the merchandise will let little and average sized concerns, every bit good as small-scale public sector building undertakings, to do the most of the long-run cost nest eggs that BMS can convey. He said: â€Å" Building controls have arguably ever been about economic systems of graduated table. It makes perfect sense to utilize BMS on larger undertakings, where the cost of put ining the engineering can be offset rapidly by significant energy nest eggs. The instance is less obvious when covering with smaller edifices. Smaller administrations have neither had the fiscal clout nor the specialized accomplishments to take edifice controls and installations direction earnestly. â€Å" When it comes to salvaging energy, it is besides critical to guarantee that any strategies have the full support of everyone in the administration. TAC Satchwell helped present energy nest eggs of 12 % and cost nest eggs of A ; lb ; 55,000 in merely 18 months. The function of installations direction has grown quickly over the last 20 old ages from a mostly unrecognized country of concern in the 1980s into a multi billion lb industry. However, harmonizing to Richard Strode at BMS specializers TAC Satchwell, it is non merely the value of the industry that has changed. The duties held by installations directors are germinating excessively. â€Å" The range of work undertaken by today ‘s installations directors is unusually variable and some estimations put the industry ‘s value every bit high as A ; lb ; 180 billion in the UK entirely ( CFM 2004 ) . Increasingly, installations directors are expected to transport the universe on their shoulders – they have become the new defenders of the environment. The Climate Change Levy, the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, Part L ordinances and Building Log Books are all guaranting that energy is progressively on the corporate docket. A installations director is now expected to carefully equilibrate the demands of employees for a safe and comfy environment and those of the employer to cut down energy costs and heighten the bottom line, with those of the Government to cut down C emanations. Alternatively, it needs to supply them with the tools necessary to hold a opportunity of run intoing their energy preservations marks. The most effectual manner of making this is through user-friendly engineerings such that can expeditiously and economically command, look into and analyze edifice operations to assist manage and understate energy use. Developments which enables secure entree to webs via a web browser, and the Andover Continuum Wireless Solution give installations directors the chance to salvage the planet remotely † . â€Å" This ability to entree a edifice ‘s information, around the clock from anyplace in the universe, makes fine-tuning that energy direction merely that small spot easier – particularly for directors of multiple sites † . How to cite A building management system – (BMS), Essay examples

Vocational Programs for both Offenders and Non-Offenders free essay sample

A look at various educational programs for prisoners and the possible benefits thereof. This paper examines the educational programs available for prisoners. The author discusses the controversial topic of prisoner education, the type of skills and rehabilitation that prisoners can acquire and the economic issues concerned. The author argues that the cost of housing a prisoner are higher than educating one and that the possible behavioral and life skills that prisoners may learn are beneficial in that they not only improve prisoners morale, self-esteem and academic level, they also produce positive behavior and provide an alternative for prisoners when they are released back into public life. Providing all individuals with educational services is a fundamental value in the American society. Discipline and education has been the mainstay of prison programs for inmates since the early years of our penal history. However, providing inmates with an education is a controversial issue, and presents a difficult dilemma to be confronted by tax-paying citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Vocational Programs for both Offenders and Non-Offenders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many conflicting opinions regarding whether we should strive to rehabilitate rather than to merely punish inmates. Yet, when one carefully considers the average cost to provide quality education against the cost of keeping one inmate adequately housed and fed for one year in a state or federal institution, the question becomes, How can we afford not to educate?

APPENDIX J Smog Check Essay Example

APPENDIX J Smog Check Essay Example APPENDIX J Smog Check Paper APPENDIX J Smog Check Paper OBD II Reference (Testability Issues) Appendix J provides information and test instructions about known OBD II functional test difficulties. Technicians must familiarize themselves with the information contained in this Appendix and follow the specified test instructions when conducting a Smog Check inspection on any vehicle listed. Please watch for Appendix J updates on the Smog Check website or via ET Blasts. If other problems or solutions arise concerning the testing of OBD II vehicles, BAR will provide updated information advising technicians how to test the affected vehicles. Table 1 la lists known OBD II testability issues. Table 2 lists CAN equipped vehicles that currently cannot be OBD II tested. The EIS should automatically bypass the OBD II test for CAN equipped vehicles. However, if the EIS prompts for an OBD II test, bypass the test by answering No to the OBD II functional test prompt. Unless otherwise instructed by BAR, do not answer No to bypass the OBD II functional test for any other OBD II equipped vehicles. In addition to the vehicles listed in Table 2, all vehicles one model-year old and newer are excepted from the OBD II functional test. With each new calendar year, the xceptions change accordingly. For example: In 2007, all 2006 modelyear and newer vehicles are excepted from the OBD II functional test. In 2008, the 2006 model-year vehicles are subject to the OBD II test and the exceptions change to 2007 model-year and newer. Note: Once the BAR-97 EIS incorporates CAN communication protocol, these vehicles will become testable. To ensure that any special test processes are appropriately applied, always select vehicle information (make, model, engine size, etc. ) from the BAR-97 inspection menus. Rev 7 (112007) Smog Check Inspection Manual Appendix] TABLE 1 -OBD II Testability Issues Make Volkswagen Model Year 19962002 All models with non-OEM stereos Problem Action If the OEM stereo has been replaced with an aftermarket stereo, these vehicles may not communicate with the analyzer and/or OBD code scanner and may cause severe damage to the analyzer/scanner. For more information, see Technical service bulletin 0203 dated June 10, 2002. BAR recommends that you check with your analyzer/scan tool manufacturer to determine whether or not your analyzer/scan tool has complete current/voltage override protection. Override protection will protect the test equipment in cases where aftermarket installations cause over current onditions. BARS June 22, 2002 ET Blast provides a method of checking for high voltage conditions using a test light. An alternative is to send all 96-newer M/Audis with non-OEM radio installations to a WWAudi dealership for verification of proper OBD function. 1996 Cirrus, Concorde, LHS, Sebring, Sebring Convertible All monitors reset to incomplete upon every ignition key-off. Dodge Avenger, Intrepid, Stratus, Neon ignition key-off Eagle Talon, Vision Determine if Recall Campaign #678 (9/96) has been performed; if not, refer to dealer. TSB 18-005-01 applies to noncalifornia certified vehicles, and may be erformed at no cost, even if warranty is expired. Determine if Recall Campaign #678 (9/96) has been performed; if not, refer to dealer. certified vehicles, and may be performed at no cost, even if warranty is expired. Hyundai 2002 Sonata Readiness monitors are difficult to complete. Must successfully complete drive cycle TWO times. 003 Tiburon Will not communicate with generic OBD II test equipment. A manufacturer recall is in effect; recall campaign #057 and Hyundai TSB #0301-003-01. Refer to dealership for recall. All Models The catalyst and evaporative monitors are difficult to set to complete. Nissan provides recommended drive cycles (drive patterns). See Nissan Technical service Bulletin #NTB98-018, February 18, 1998. C220, E320, C280, S320, SL320 Th e MIL illuminates whenever a scan tool is connected to the DLC. Trouble codes are OBD II connector is used as an RPM source during the Smog Check, the MIL will illuminate. Do not connect the OBD II connector until the analyzer prompts for the OBD II functional test. Use the conventional contact or non-contact method to obtain an rpm signal. Infiniti MercedesBenz Hyundai TSB #02-36-030 applies. Hyundai TSB information at: Table 1 continued on next page Mercedes- Benz Mitsubishi 20012003 All models No communication with some snap-on as. Snap-On produces a revised chip that enables communication. If your Snap-On EIS does not use the revised chip, do not inspect these vehicles; they will NOT communicate. Refer the motorist to another station for inspection. 19982001 Montero, Montero Sport, Diamante, 3000GT, Mirage, Galant, Expo,Expo LRV, and Eclipse models (except 2. 0L nonturbo 420A engine models) Some monitors are difficult to set to complete. Mitsubishi provides recommended drive cycles in its service. See service manual for 1998-2001 drive cycles. Nissan Plymouth Breeze Neon Saab 19961998 900 (82341 with Motronic 4. 1) All monitors are difficult to set to complete. Toyota 1997 Tercel, Paseo The evaporative monitor will never set to complete. Volkswagen and Audi stereo, these vehicles may not communicate with OBD code scanners and may cause severe damage to code scanning tools. For more information, see Technical service bulletin 02-03 dated June 10, 2002. 3 Nissan provides recommended drive cycles (drive patterns) in its service information to assist technicians to operate monitors. See Nissan Technical Service Bulletin #NTB98-018c, January 3, 2002. A manufacturer recall is in effect. Verify recall has been performed. If not, refer to dealer for the recall. Saab Service Instruction No. 48 describes the correct drive cycle for completion of the monitors. The Smog Check OBD readiness criteria for this vehicle allow two monitors to be incomplete. criteria for these vehicles allow two monitors to be incomplete. BAR recommends that you check with your analyzer/scan tool manufacturer to determine current/voltage override protection. Override protection will protect the test equipment in cases where aftermarket conditions. BARS June 22, 2002 ET Blast provides a method of hecking for over current conditions using a test light. An alternative is to send all 96newer VW/Audis with non-OEM radio installations to a M/Audi dealership for verification of proper OBD function. End Table 1. la next page TABLE la The EIS Ignores Monitor Readiness Status BMW 750iL, 850Ci, 850CSi 12-cylinder engines. Stealth, Stealth RT 3. 0 1996-97 3000 GT, 3000 GT spider, 3000 GT VR-4, Diamante, Eclipse, Galant, Mighty Max, Mirage, Montero, Montero Sport 1. 5, 1. 8, 2. 0, 2. 4, 2. 5, 3. 0, 3. 5 Complete Inspection as prompted by the EIS. Subaru Impreza, Legacy, SVX 1. 8, 2. 2, 2. 5, 3. 3 Volvo 2. 5, 2. 9

Optioning Your Screenplay to a Producer

Optioning Your Screenplay to a Producer Congratulations! Not only did you finish writing your 120-page cinematic opus, but you have a motion picture producer interested in bringing it to the silver screen. You’re ready to sell. Ready to see your name on the back of a director’s chair. Ready to chow down on craft service while Jake Gyllenhaal and Rachel McAdams deliver your prose†¦ But wait, not so fast. What’s this agreement the producer’s handed you? An option? He’s not buying it? What does this mean? Well, let’s break it down†¦ What is an option exactly? An option agreement is an industry-standard document that interested producers give writers when they’re not quite ready to buy the script, but don’t want anyone else to buy it either. Maybe they don’t have enough money yet, aren’t sure they can get it made or don’t know what the budget will be (and the budget often determines the writer’s fee). An option simply gives the producer the exclusive right to purchase the material at any time during the term of the agreement. Here’s a sample option for reference:  https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kpiuHbB6zUJhm1FDUq__4OrB6LeaJ25QnJvF2fM_Vrw/edit?usp=sharing What do I need to have in place before optioning my script? First, make sure the script has been registered with the Library of Congress’ Copyright Office. This is crucial for your protection and necessary for the producer to prove chain of title to the eventual studio or distributor that picks up the film. Information on copyright registration can be found here:  https://www.copyright.gov/registration/performing-arts/index.html. For added protection, you can also register it with the WGA. Lastly, if the story is based on a real-life person, make sure you’ve acquired their life rights. How long should the option term be? Options can last however long you and the producer deem appropriate. Just remember that no one else can buy the script while that producer holds the option, so it may depend on your level of trust or how badly you want to work with him. One or two years is a fairly standard initial term, and it’s not unusual to have a one-year extended term triggered How much money should I ask for? Again, there’s no right or wrong answer here. Options can be as low as one dollar or as high as $10,000. As long as there’s consideration – something of value going from you to the producer and vice versa – the option is valid. The size of the fee will likely be based on the stature of the producer and how big the expected purchase price will be, but for a typical indie, $500 to $1,000 is common for the initial term. You might also negotiate a percentage (say 5-10%) of the expected purchase price. However, remember that the initial option fee is usually applied against the purchase price; so, if the producer pays a $2,000 option fee and the final purchase price is $20,000, he only owes another $18,000 to buy the script outright. What other elements should be part of the option? You certainly want the producer to lay out terms for exercising the option, including the purchase price, your writer’s credit, the notification procedure and exactly what rights he’s acquiring (just the film rights or also sequels, television, and other ancillaries). The compensation details are perhaps the most crucial though and should reference bonuses, backend participation and, if appropriate, fees for sequels, spin-offs and remakes. If the final purchase price can’t be determined yet because the budget is still undecided, ask for a percentage of the budget with a floor (i.e., 2% of the budget with a minimum of $20,000). What are those short-form documents at the end? The short form option and short form assignment are standard addendum to any option. The short form option, which states the deal between the parties in the simplest terms, is recorded with the copyright office